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院士專家在河北邯鄲開展棉麥套種機(jī)械化調(diào)研

2024-06-12 09:53:13 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站經(jīng)作機(jī)械處 閱讀量：19873 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 6月6日，在中國工程院院士、石河子大學(xué)陳學(xué)庚教授的帶領(lǐng)下，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化專家指導(dǎo)組、國家和河北省棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系、河北省農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)推廣總站、石河子大學(xué)等有關(guān)專家和技術(shù)人員一行，與當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員一起，在河北省邯鄲市曲周縣、成安縣開展了棉田高效套種全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)調(diào)研與指導(dǎo)工作。
 
　　據(jù)悉，上世紀(jì)90年代河北邯鄲引進(jìn)推廣棉麥套種模式。但隨著小麥機(jī)收的普及，在麥田里套種棉花進(jìn)行人工播種或移栽，棉花采收又未實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化，既費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí)，又影響小麥?zhǔn)斋@，農(nóng)民不再接受。近十年來，通過對(duì)小麥聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)割臺(tái)加裝護(hù)苗板和攏禾器，實(shí)現(xiàn)了間套棉田小麥機(jī)械收獲；通過研制推廣手扶式小型棉花播種機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了棉花機(jī)械播種；通過早熟品種選育和催熟技術(shù)應(yīng)用，實(shí)現(xiàn)了小麥晚播早收與棉花催熟早收有效銜接。隨著農(nóng)藝農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)進(jìn)步，棉麥間作套種雙收又得到了關(guān)注。2012年開始，邯鄲市提出了棉麥雙豐高效工程，改棉花單作一年一熟為棉麥套種一年兩熟，擬在品種與機(jī)械裝備的支撐下，在棉田冬春5個(gè)多月休閑期內(nèi)套種小麥，既可棉花不減產(chǎn)、多收一季麥，解決糧棉爭(zhēng)地矛盾，向棉田要糧食，又可變冬春白地為作物覆蓋，達(dá)到農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)增收、綠色環(huán)保的目標(biāo)。但目前仍面臨間套種棉花難覆膜、雜草難控制、水肥藥難施用、摘錠式采收不適用等問題，急需繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新模式、攻關(guān)突破，為這項(xiàng)保障糧食安全、穩(wěn)定黃河流域棉區(qū)、增加農(nóng)民收入、保護(hù)農(nóng)田生態(tài)的好技術(shù)掃清障礙。
 
　　為此，以陳學(xué)庚院士為首的棉花機(jī)械化創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)，借鑒新疆機(jī)采棉全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式和成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在河北、山東等黃河流域打造10余個(gè)棉花全程機(jī)械化示范縣的基礎(chǔ)上，繼續(xù)支持扶持棉麥套種全程機(jī)械化，重點(diǎn)解決棉花縮株增行保基本苗、棉花寬行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植宜機(jī)收、棉花免覆膜播種控草害、棉花輕簡(jiǎn)高效鋪管播種、棉花水肥一體化灌溉、棉花化控打頂催熟、棉花輕量化統(tǒng)收高效除雜等問題。
 
　　在曲周縣槐橋鎮(zhèn)西漳頭村的銀絮棉花種植專業(yè)合作社棉田現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，調(diào)研指導(dǎo)組考察了45cm+45cm小麥條播套種棉花，40cm+50cm小麥勻播套種棉花兩種模式小麥長(zhǎng)勢(shì)和棉花苗情，組成專家組對(duì)在田小麥進(jìn)行了機(jī)收實(shí)測(cè)，產(chǎn)量達(dá)到預(yù)期效果，后期將重點(diǎn)做好棉花苗期管理，為今年秋季棉花機(jī)收測(cè)產(chǎn)打下基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　在曲周縣和成安縣道東堡鄉(xiāng)大堤西村的沃欣棉花種植專業(yè)合作社棉田現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，調(diào)研指導(dǎo)組還考察了棉花凈作、棉花甜葉菊套種、棉花玉米套種情況。
 
　　下一步，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮專家指導(dǎo)組作用，與院士團(tuán)隊(duì)一道，持續(xù)跟蹤指導(dǎo)，開展試驗(yàn)示范，推動(dòng)棉麥套種全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)得到大面積推廣應(yīng)用，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)陸棉區(qū)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。

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